Extrafollicular activities: perspectives on HIV infection, germinal center-independent maturation pathways, and KSHV-mediated lymphoproliferation
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Human memory B cells originate from three distinct germinal center-dependent and -independent maturation pathways.
Multiple distinct memory B-cell subsets have been identified in humans, but it remains unclear how their phenotypic diversity corresponds to the type of responses from which they originate. Especially, the contribution of germinal center-independent responses in humans remains controversial. We defined 6 memory B-cell subsets based on their antigen-experienced phenotype and differential express...
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B cells responding to T-dependent antigen either differentiate rapidly into extrafollicular plasma cells or enter germinal centers and undergo somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation. However, the physiological cues that direct B cell differentiation down one pathway versus the other are unknown. Here we show that the strength of the initial interaction between B cell receptor (BCR) and a...
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Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is necessary for immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) in T-dependent immune response in germinal centers (GCs). The structural similarity of AID with RNA-editing enzymes and its largely cytoplasmic location have fueled controversial views of its mode of interaction with DNA. We show that AID, a mature B-cell-...
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The discovery of broad and potent HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) has renewed optimism for developing an effective vaccine against HIV-1. The generation of most bNAbs requires multiple rounds of B cell receptor affinity maturation, suggesting a crucial role of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in their production. However, less than 1% of HIV-infected patients develop bNAbs that arise late ...
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Over the past 25 years it has become clear that B and T lymphocytes go through a range of interactions and migratory events when B cells differentiate to become high-affinity, antibody-secreting cells. This B-cell differentiation is associated with multiple sequential cognate interactions. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Turqueti-Neves et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2014. 44: 213...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Current Opinion in Virology
سال: 2017
ISSN: 1879-6257
DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.07.016